The Human Rights Advisory Committee
published the findings of a study into the right to food in January. The
report is very informative, providing some concise and powerful
insights into the challenges facing women and girls – in particular,
rural women.
Despite global efforts to combat extreme poverty
through the Millennium Development Goals, one billion people continued
to suffer from undernourishment, unable to realise their right to food
due to underlying discrimination. For example, one case given is article
139 of the Labour Code of
Guatemala describes rural women as
“helpers” of the male agricultural workers, rather than as workers
entitled to receive their own salary which significantly impacts upon
the ability of these women to feed themselves and their families.
States
must ensure that all individuals have equal access to adequate food and
to the means of its procurement, including women and girl children.
However, this is still not the case and women and girls are
disproportionately affected by hunger, malnutrition and associated
diseases. A global increase in food prices in 2010 has made women and
girls even more vulnerable to hunger with the FAO food price index
reaching its highest level since 2008.
80% of the worlds hungry
are believed to live in rural areas – subsistence farmers, landless
workers, indigenous peoples and fisher folk suffer the most and again,
women and girls are disproportionately affected. Women cultivate more
than 50% of food globally, yet the report finds that “women account for
70% of the world’s hungry and are disproportionately affected by
malnutrition, poverty and food insecurity. Governments are not living up
to their international commitments to protect women from
discrimination, as the gap between de jure equality and de facto
discrimination continues to persist and resist change”. Furthermore,
women own only 5% of land despite forming the majority of the
agricultural workforce.
The report also finds that women’s role
in the economy has been underestimated and their work in agriculture has
long been invisible due to it being outside of the ‘formal’ economy.
Women have been ignored as economically productive agents: “While
policymakers have targeted population, health and nutrition programmes
to women in their reproductive roles, they have neglected women as
productive agents. Rural women have the world’s lowest levels of
schooling and the highest rates of illiteracy in all developing regions;
twice as many women suffer from malnutrition as men, and girls are
twice as likely to die from malnutrition as boys”.
SI has been a
supporter of the 1 Billion Hungry Campaign since its launch and our UN
Representative to the FAO in Rome, Cinzia Palmi, has been proactive in
advocating for the rights of women and girls within this sector. In
November, SI was represented at a panel discussion where we were invited
to share with delegates some of the many fantastic campaigning and
practical actions Soroptimists have taken in support of the 1 Billion
Hungry Campaign and Programme Focus Objectives 5 and 6. Visit the UN
pages of the website to read more from the FAO and SI’s statement.
The
FAO have announced that the theme for the 2011 council meeting will
focus on the role of rural women in agriculture. Cinzia Palmi will be
chairing an ad hoc NGO group who will host a side event drawing
attention to the plight of rural women.
To support the 1 Billion Hungry Campaign please visit www.1billionhungry.org/
To read the full report please Click Here